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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C (97–99°F), remaining relatively stable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Pipeline for Planning and Execution of Transcranial Ultrasound Neuromodulation Experiments in Humans
07:52

Pipeline for Planning and Execution of Transcranial Ultrasound Neuromodulation Experiments in Humans

Published on: June 28, 2024

Single-sector thermophysiological human simulator.

Agnieszka Psikuta1, Mark Richards, Dusan Fiala

  • 1Laboratory of Protection and Physiology, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing & Research, Lerchenfeldstr. 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. agnes.psikuta@gmail.com

Physiological Measurement
|February 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study integrates a human physiology model with a thermal manikin to better simulate human thermoregulation and thermal comfort. The new system accurately predicts physiological responses and comfort across various conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Pipeline for Planning and Execution of Transcranial Ultrasound Neuromodulation Experiments in Humans
07:52

Pipeline for Planning and Execution of Transcranial Ultrasound Neuromodulation Experiments in Humans

Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Thermoregulation and Thermal Comfort
  • Human Physiology Modeling
  • Heat and Mass Transfer

Background:

  • Current thermal manikins lack the ability to adequately simulate human thermoregulatory behavior, impacting clothing microenvironment analysis.
  • Human physiological responses significantly influence thermal comfort and heat exchange within the skin-clothing-environment system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a thermophysiological human simulator by integrating a mathematical model of human physiology with a thermal manikin.
  • To enhance the simulation of human thermoregulatory responses and thermal comfort prediction capabilities.
  • To create a system that provides physiological intelligence for calorimetric measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a single-sector thermophysiological human simulator combining a sweating heated cylinder ('Torso') with the iesd-Fiala multi-node human physiology model.
  • Incorporation of the mathematical human physiology model into the system control for simulating thermoregulatory responses.
  • Validation of the coupled system through steady-state and transient condition tests from cold to hot environments.

Main Results:

  • The coupled system demonstrated good agreement with experimental results for semi-nude subjects under various thermal conditions.
  • The simulator successfully integrated hardware (calorimetric measurements) and software (physiological model) for comprehensive analysis.
  • The system accurately simulates human thermoregulatory responses and predicts thermal comfort.

Conclusions:

  • The developed thermophysiological human simulator accurately models human thermal behavior and comfort.
  • This novel system enables prediction of physiological responses, comfort, health risks, and survival conditions for adults in diverse scenarios.
  • The integration of physiological modeling with thermal manikins represents a significant advancement in simulating the skin-clothing-environment system.