Atrial arrhythmia surgery in congenital heart disease

Atrial reentrant tachycardias are a common source of morbidity in children with significant structural heart disease, especially following cardiac surgery. Preexisting atrial geometry combined with the hemodynamic effect of a congenital cardiac defect and electrophysiological alterations caused by surgical lesions can create large anatomic-functional barriers to conduction, allowing reentrant wavefronts to flourish. Elucidation of the genesis of reentrant arrhythmias in children has led to catheterization and surgical therapies. The primary goals of these procedures are to restore synchronous atrioventricular conduction and eliminate hemodynamically significant residual physiologic lesions. Debilitating arrhythmias may be cured, and patients have an improvement in functional class.