Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026
09:18
Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Published on: December 14, 2017
Precision blackbody sources for radiometric standards.
V I Sapritsky1, B B Khlevnoy, V B Khromchenko
1All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI), 46 Ozernaya, 119361 Moscow, Russia. Sapritsky@glasnet.ru
Applied Optics
|August 1, 1997
Summary
This study analyzes precision blackbody sources from the All-Russian Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements. It details the characteristics of various high, middle, and low-temperature graphite and pyrolytic graphite blackbody sources, including fixed-point calibration blackbodies.
Area of Science:
- Metrology and Instrumentation
- Radiometry and Photometry
- Thermodynamics
Background:
- Accurate temperature measurements are crucial in scientific research and industrial applications.
- Blackbody radiation sources are essential for calibrating optical and radiometric instruments.
- The All-Russian Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements has developed a range of precision blackbody sources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and present the characteristics of newly developed precision blackbody sources.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of blackbody sources for various temperature ranges and applications.
- To facilitate the selection and utilization of appropriate blackbody sources for calibration purposes.
Main Methods:
- Development and characterization of high-temperature graphite blackbody (BB22p).
- Development and characterization of large-area high-temperature pyrolytic graphite blackbody (BB3200pg).
- Development and characterization of middle-temperature graphite blackbody (BB2000).
- Development and characterization of low-temperature blackbody (BB300).
- Development and characterization of gallium fixed-point blackbody (BB29gl).
Main Results:
- Detailed performance characteristics, including emissivity, temperature uniformity, and stability, are presented for each blackbody source.
- The BB22p offers high-temperature precision with graphite construction.
- The BB3200pg provides a large-area source using pyrolytic graphite.
- The BB2000 and BB300 cater to middle and low-temperature applications, respectively.
- The BB29gl serves as a fixed-point blackbody for gallium calibration.
Conclusions:
- The analyzed precision blackbody sources offer reliable and accurate performance for radiometric and temperature calibration.
- The range of developed blackbodies covers diverse temperature requirements from low to high.
- These sources are valuable tools for metrology and scientific research requiring precise thermal radiation standards.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Radiation: Applications
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
The average...
01:13Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
01:05Absorption of Radiation
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
01:20Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
02:39Emission Spectra
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.