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Published on: December 15, 2021
Hysteresis in quartz resonators-a review.
1Hewlett-Packard Co., Santa Clara, CA.
Summary
The causes of hysteresis in quartz crystal resonators are not well understood, with lattice defects and mounting stress being potential factors. Further research is needed to clarify these frequency-temperature characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Physics
- Materials Science
- Electrical Engineering
Background:
- Quartz crystal resonators are crucial frequency control devices.
- Understanding frequency-temperature characteristics is vital for device stability.
- Hysteresis in these characteristics can degrade performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on frequency versus temperature characteristics of quartz crystal resonators.
- To identify potential causes of hysteresis in quartz crystal resonators.
- To assess the current understanding of hysteresis mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific papers.
- Inclusion of studies on frequency versus pressure hysteresis for potential relevance.
- Analysis of reported mechanisms for hysteresis.
Main Results:
- The causes of hysteresis in quartz crystal resonators are not well understood.
- Evidence regarding hysteresis mechanisms remains inconclusive.
- Potential causes include strain changes, contamination, oscillator circuitry, and thermal gradients.
- Lattice defects and mounting stress relief are indicated as significant factors.
Conclusions:
- The precise mechanisms driving hysteresis in quartz crystal resonators require further investigation.
- Improved crystal processing has reduced contamination-related issues.
- Lattice defects and mechanical stress are key areas for future research.
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