Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026
08:59
A Novel In Vitro Model of Blast Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: December 21, 2018
The quinary pattern of blast injury
Yoram Kluger1, Adi Nimrod, Philippe Biderman
1Department of Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
American Journal of Disaster Medicine
|February 14, 2008
Summary
Terrorist bombings can cause a unique hyperinflammatory state in survivors, termed the "quinary blast injury pattern." This response is independent of injury severity and may be linked to unconventional explosive materials.
Area of Science:
- Trauma Surgery
- Emergency Medicine
- Blast Injury Research
Background:
- Bombings are a primary tool of global terrorism, causing complex injuries via blast mechanisms.
- Understanding these injury patterns is crucial for timely medical intervention and management.
- Previous research has identified primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary blast injury mechanisms.
Observation:
- A study observed 27 patients admitted to Tel Aviv Medical Center after a terrorist bombing.
- Four survivors near the explosion exhibited immediate hyperinflammation, characterized by fever, sweating, low central venous pressure, and positive fluid balance.
- This hyperinflammatory state was not correlated with injury complexity in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Findings:
- A novel injury pattern, the "quinary blast injury pattern," is identified in explosion survivors.
- This pattern is characterized by an early hyperinflammatory state unrelated to trauma severity.
- Unconventional explosive materials may contribute to this observed hyperinflammation.
Implications:
- Healthcare providers must recognize this new "quinary blast injury pattern" in victims of bombings.
- Awareness of this pattern can improve diagnostic and management strategies for blast survivors.
- Further research into the specific components of unconventional explosives is warranted.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Fractures: Bone Repair
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
01:21Cellular Injury II: Classification
Cellular injury is any process that disrupts a cell’s ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to structural or functional changes. It is broadly classified based on etiology (cause) and mechanism of damage.Classification by EtiologyCellular injury may result from several causes. Hypoxic injury happens due to reduced oxygen delivery, most commonly from inadequate blood supply, such as arterial obstruction; for example, coronary artery thrombosis can cause myocardial infarction. Chemical injury...
01:33Cleavage and Blastulation
After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
01:25Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
01:16Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis
Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
01:14Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...