Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Happy feet: the key roles of podosomes and invadopodia in trophoblast invasion at the maternal-fetal interface.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025
Same author

Interleukin-1β Stimulates Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 Secretion: A Possible Mechanism in Trophoblast-Dependent Spiral Artery Remodeling.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2025
Same author

One hundred years of change?

Experimental physiology·2025
Same author

Quantifying Trophoblast Function Using the xCELLigence System.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2023
Same author

Getting Lost in History: Mabel Purefoy FitzGerald and the Origins of Hydrochloric Acid in the Gastric Mucosa.

Function (Oxford, England)·2022
Same author

Stanniocalcin-1 in the female reproductive system and pregnancy.

Human reproduction update·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
12:02

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Published on: July 30, 2016

Hypoxia and placental remodelling.

Judith E Cartwright1, Rosemary J Keogh, Martha C Tissot van Patot

  • 1Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK. jcartwri@sgul.ac.uk

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Trophoblast cells actively remodel spiral arteries during early pregnancy, crucial for fetal development. Apoptosis and oxygen levels are key regulators, with implications for pregnancy complications like pre-eclampsia.

More Related Videos

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
05:31

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Ex Vivo Placental Explant Flow Culture - Mimicking the Dynamic Conditions In Utero
04:17

Ex Vivo Placental Explant Flow Culture - Mimicking the Dynamic Conditions In Utero

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
12:02

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

Published on: July 30, 2016

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
05:31

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Ex Vivo Placental Explant Flow Culture - Mimicking the Dynamic Conditions In Utero
04:17

Ex Vivo Placental Explant Flow Culture - Mimicking the Dynamic Conditions In Utero

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Vascular remodeling
  • Pregnancy physiology

Background:

  • Spiral artery remodeling by fetal trophoblast cells is vital for pregnancy success.
  • Impaired remodeling is linked to pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
  • The regulation of this critical process remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of trophoblast cells in spiral artery remodeling.
  • To identify key molecular regulators, including apoptotic factors and oxygen tension.
  • To understand how these factors influence vascular remodeling in early pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro trophoblast cell culture models.
  • Ex vivo human uterine spiral artery explant models.
  • Analysis of trophoblast-derived apoptotic factors (e.g., Fas-ligand, TRAIL).
  • Investigation of oxygen tension effects on trophoblast and vascular cells.

Main Results:

  • Trophoblast cells actively participate in spiral artery remodeling.
  • Apoptotic events and trophoblast-derived factors (Fas-ligand, TRAIL) are implicated.
  • Oxygen tension influences trophoblast-mediated apoptosis and vascular smooth muscle cell susceptibility.
  • High-altitude pregnancy data offers insights into oxygen's role.

Conclusions:

  • Trophoblast cells are active mediators of spiral artery remodeling.
  • Apoptosis and oxygen tension are critical regulatory factors.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is essential for addressing pregnancy pathologies.