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Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes
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Published on: February 13, 2019

Insect repellents: historical perspectives and new developments.

Tracy M Katz1, Jason H Miller, Adelaide A Hebert

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Insect bites cause significant illness and spread diseases like Lyme disease. Insect repellents (IRs), including DEET and picaridin, are crucial for public health and preventing vector-borne ailments.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Medical Entomology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Arthropod bites are a significant source of patient morbidity, causing local or systemic effects.
  • Arthropods transmit serious diseases such as malaria, West Nile virus, dengue, and Lyme disease.
  • Effective insect repellents (IRs) are vital for public health to protect individuals and prevent disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and current strategies behind insect repellent products.
  • To compare the efficacy and characteristics of various active ingredients in insect repellents.
  • To inform healthcare providers on recommending appropriate insect repellents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data on insect repellent development.
  • Analysis of active ingredients approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
  • Comparison of established repellents like DEET with newer agents such as picaridin and natural products.

Main Results:

  • N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) has been the most effective and widely used IR for over 60 years, with a strong safety profile.
  • Newer repellents, including picaridin and oil of lemon eucalyptus, are gaining popularity due to low toxicity and comparable efficacy.
  • Approved IR ingredients include DEET, picaridin, MGK-326, MGK-264, IR3535, oil of citronella, and oil of lemon eucalyptus.

Conclusions:

  • Insect repellents play a critical role in preventing arthropod-borne diseases.
  • DEET remains a highly effective option, while newer agents offer alternatives with favorable safety and efficacy profiles.
  • Physicians can recommend different IRs based on product characteristics, individual needs, and patient approval.