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Glial Cells

Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...

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Generation of Oligodendrocytes and Oligodendrocyte-Conditioned Medium for Co-Culture Experiments

Generation of Oligodendrocytes and Oligodendrocyte-Conditioned Medium for Co-Culture Experiments

Published on: February 9, 2020

Oligodendroglioma.

Martin J Van den Bent¹, Michele Reni, Gemma Gatta

¹Daniel den Hoed Cancer Clinic/Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.vandenbent@erasmusmc.nl

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

|February 15, 2008

Summary

Oligodendrogliomas (OD) are rare brain tumors with a better prognosis than other gliomas. Key factors for favorable outcomes include low-grade status and specific genetic markers like 1p/19q loss.

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Tumor biology
Cancer genetics

Background:

Oligodendrogliomas (OD) are rare, diffusely infiltrating gliomas originating in the cerebral white matter.
These tumors exhibit distinct characteristics influencing treatment sensitivity and patient prognosis compared to other gliomas.
Favorable prognostic indicators include low tumor grade, combined 1p/19q allelic loss, younger patient age, good performance status, and frontal lobe location.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the clinical presentation, prognostic factors, and treatment strategies for oligodendrogliomas.
To highlight the importance of molecular markers (1p/19q loss) in predicting outcomes.
To outline current therapeutic approaches for both newly diagnosed and recurrent/progressive oligodendrogliomas.

Main Methods:

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Review of existing literature on oligodendroglioma diagnosis and management.
Analysis of prognostic factors influencing patient outcomes.
Evaluation of treatment efficacy for surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (PCV, temozolomide).

Main Results:

Low-grade oligodendrogliomas often present with seizures, while high-grade tumors manifest with focal deficits or increased intracranial pressure.
Treatment deferral may be appropriate for select young patients with low-grade tumors presenting solely with seizures.
Surgical resection is a primary treatment, with radiotherapy indicated for specific tumor characteristics and chemotherapy standard for recurrent disease.

Conclusions:

Oligodendrogliomas represent a distinct glioma subtype with manageable characteristics and prognostic indicators.
Timely and appropriate treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
The combined loss of 1p/19q is a significant favorable prognostic marker in oligodendroglioma management.