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Assessment of the treatment protocol described in the guidelines for Trichophyton tonsurans infection
Yumi Shiraki1, Masataro Hiruma, Takashi Sugita
1Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Background:
Infection with the anthropophilic fungus Trichophyton tonsurans has spread among members of combat sports clubs and has become a serious public health problem in Japan and other countries. Infection usually provokes only a weak inflammatory response, and treatment compliance tends to be poor.
Objective:
To evaluate the hairbrush method and the treatment protocol described in the guidelines for T. tonsurans infection.
Method:
The study subjects were 69 individuals with positive hairbrush culture from among 327 members of 12 judo clubs participating in the survey. (a) Subjects with no more than 4 colonies by the hairbrush method were treated with miconazole nitrate shampoo. (b) Subjects with 5 or more colonies were treated with (1) itraconazole at a dose of 100 mg/day for 6 weeks or at a dose of 400 mg/day for 1 week, or (2) terbinafine at a dose of 125 mg/day for 6 weeks or at a dose of 500 mg/day for 1 week. Treatment efficacy was monitored by the hairbrush method at 1.5 and 3 months after treatment.
Results:
Of the 46 subjects with 5 or more colonies isolated by the hairbrush method, 32 (69.6%) took itraconazole or terbinafine in compliance with their treatment schedules and were negative for T. tonsurans after treatment. Of the 23 subjects with 4 or fewer colonies, 15 (65.2%) were negative for T. tonsurans after treatment with miconazole nitrate shampoo.
Conclusion:
The treatment protocol seems promising, but poor compliance is a problem with the oral treatment regimens. The shampoo therapy is only partially effective, with 35% of subjects remaining positive for T. tonsurans after this therapy. In order to eradicate this disease, we have renewed the guidelines for T. tonsurans infection.
Insights
Trichophyton tonsurans infections in combat sports are a public health issue. While oral antifungals show promise, poor compliance and limited shampoo efficacy necessitate updated treatment guidelines.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Mycology
- Public Health
Background:
- Trichophyton tonsurans fungal infections are prevalent in combat sports.
- This anthropophilic fungus poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in Japan.
- Weak inflammatory responses and poor treatment compliance complicate management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the efficacy of the hairbrush method for diagnosing T. tonsurans infections.
- To evaluate a treatment protocol for T. tonsurans infection based on established guidelines.
Main Methods:
- 69 individuals from judo clubs with positive hairbrush cultures were studied.
- Treatment varied based on colony count: miconazole nitrate shampoo for <=4 colonies, oral itraconazole or terbinafine for >=5 colonies.
- Efficacy was monitored via hairbrush cultures at 1.5 and 3 months post-treatment.
Main Results:
- Oral antifungals (itraconazole/terbinafine) achieved a negative T. tonsurans culture in 69.6% of compliant patients with >=5 colonies.
- Miconazole nitrate shampoo resulted in negative cultures for 65.2% of patients with <=4 colonies.
- 35% of subjects remained positive for T. tonsurans after shampoo therapy.
Conclusions:
- The evaluated treatment protocol shows potential for managing T. tonsurans infections.
- Poor patient compliance with oral regimens remains a significant challenge.
- Updated guidelines are proposed to improve T. tonsurans infection eradication.
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