Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adaptive control ankle robotics training durably improves gait biomechanics in chronic hemiparetic stroke and footdrop.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2025
Same author

Randomization to Treadmill Training Improves Physical and Metabolic Health in Association With Declines in Oxidative Stress in Stroke.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation·2022
Same author

Evaluating Test-Retest Reliability of Fatigability in Chronic Stroke.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2021
Same author

Physical activity and sleep: An updated umbrella review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report.

Sleep medicine reviews·2021
Same author

CD31+ Circulating Angiogenic Cell Number and Subtypes are Reduced in Individuals with Chronic Stroke.

Current neurovascular research·2021
Same author

Dietary and Serum Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Associated with Physical and Metabolic Function in Stroke Survivors.

Nutrients·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
04:24

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Published on: April 19, 2019

Exercise training for cardiometabolic adaptation after stroke.

Frederick M Ivey1, Charlene E Hafer-Macko, Richard F Macko

  • 1Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center/The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center BT/18/GR, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. fivey@grecc.umaryland.edu

Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention
|February 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Progressive aerobic exercise can improve metabolic health and reduce risks of heart attack and recurrent stroke in patients with stroke. Implementing structured exercise programs is crucial for survivors to combat physical inactivity and improve overall health outcomes.

More Related Videos

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
06:28

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

Published on: April 28, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
04:24

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Published on: April 19, 2019

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
06:28

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

Published on: April 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Stroke survivors often experience severe deconditioning, leading to metabolic abnormalities.
  • These abnormalities increase the risk of myocardial infarction and recurrent stroke.
  • Metabolic impairment is prevalent, with up to 80% of chronic stroke patients having impaired glucose metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the metabolic decline following stroke.
  • To explore the causes of metabolic impairment.
  • To assess the potential of progressive aerobic exercise in addressing metabolic issues in stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review characterizing metabolic decline and exercise benefits.
  • Analysis of challenges in implementing exercise programs for stroke patients.
  • Development of recommendations for exercise testing and program progression.

Main Results:

  • Exercise training improves aerobic capacity and sensorimotor function post-stroke.
  • Structured exercise positively impacts hyperinsulinemia and glucose tolerance.
  • Regular exercise is critical due to the severe impact of physical inactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Progressive aerobic exercise is a viable strategy to address metabolic impairment after stroke.
  • Structured exercise programs should be considered for all stroke survivors.
  • Addressing metabolic health is vital for reducing cardiovascular risk and preventing recurrent events.