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Related Concept Videos

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Diagnostic studies
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Pharmacologic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Published on: December 8, 2014

Bench-to-bedside review: Clostridium difficile colitis.

Carolyn V Gould1, L Clifford McDonald

  • 1Prevention and Response Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

Critical Care (London, England)
|February 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is increasing due to a hypervirulent strain, causing severe infections. Hospital transmission and antibiotic use are key factors requiring enhanced prevention strategies.

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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) incidence and severity have risen significantly.
  • Outbreaks of a hypervirulent C. difficile strain emerged around 2000 in North America and Europe.
  • This strain causes more severe disease, leading to complications like ICU admission, colectomies, and death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the changing epidemiology of CDAD.
  • To emphasize the role of a hypervirulent strain and contributing factors.
  • To underscore the importance of evidence-based management and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epidemiological trends in CDAD.
  • Analysis of virulence factors associated with the epidemic strain.
  • Examination of antimicrobial resistance patterns.
  • Assessment of risk factors including hospital transmission and antibiotic use.

Main Results:

  • A hypervirulent C. difficile strain is linked to increased CDAD severity and outbreaks.
  • Fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins contribute to the proliferation of this resistant strain.
  • The elderly are disproportionately affected, but CDAD is emerging in lower-risk populations.
  • Hospital transmission is the primary acquisition source, with prior antimicrobial use being nearly universal.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must be aware of evolving CDAD epidemiology.
  • Evidence-based management and prevention strategies are crucial.
  • Reducing C. difficile risk requires vigilance in healthcare settings.