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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Lamellae orientation in block copolymer films with ionic complexes.

Jia-Yu Wang1, Wei Chen, James D Sievert

  • 1Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Controlling nanostructure orientation in polymer films is possible by adjusting lithium complex levels. This method allows for tunable lamellar microdomain alignment parallel or perpendicular to the surface without external fields.

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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Self-assembly of block copolymers is crucial for creating nanostructured materials.
  • Controlling the orientation of microdomains is essential for advanced applications.
  • Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) is a common diblock copolymer system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of lithium complexation on lamellar orientation in PS-b-PMMA films.
  • To determine how film thickness and ionic complex percentage affect microdomain morphology.
  • To establish a method for controlling nanostructure orientation without surface modification.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for visualizing microdomain structure.
  • Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) for analyzing lamellar orientation.
  • Systematic variation of film thickness and lithium ion concentration.

Main Results:

  • In low lithium complex films, lamellar orientation is thickness-dependent, influenced by substrate interactions and phase separation.
  • In high lithium complex films, lamellar orientation becomes perpendicular to the surface, independent of thickness.
  • Lithium complexation mediates surface interactions and enhances microphase segregation.

Conclusions:

  • The orientation of lamellar microdomains in PS-b-PMMA films can be precisely controlled by tuning the percentage of ionic complexes.
  • This control is achieved by modulating interfacial interactions and block copolymer immiscibility.
  • This offers a simple, general route for fabricating surface-independent nanostructured materials.