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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Cellular therapies for type 1 diabetes.

D D Lee¹, E Grossman, A S Chong

¹Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Metabolisme

|February 20, 2008

Summary

Cellular therapies show promise for treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by replacing or regenerating insulin-producing beta-cells. Research explores islet transplantation and stem cell applications for autoimmune diabetes.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

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Published on: August 20, 2007

High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model

High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model

Published on: August 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells.
Cellular therapy is a potential treatment due to the single-cell nature of insulin production.

Purpose of the Study:

To review cellular interventions for T1DM treatment.
To explore islet transplantation and stem cell therapies.

Main Methods:

Review of murine models for cellular therapy research.
Investigation of allo- and xeno-islet transplantation.
Evaluation of stem cells from various sources (hematopoietic, pancreas, liver, etc.).

Main Results:

Murine models facilitate study of islet transplantation and stem cell therapies.
Transplantation studies explore autoimmunity reversal and immune tolerance.
Stem cells offer potential new islet sources or regeneration stimulators.

Conclusions:

Cellular interventions, including islet transplantation and stem cell therapies, are promising for T1DM treatment.
Further research in these areas may lead to effective therapies for autoimmune diabetes.