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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4
06:56

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4

Published on: March 10, 2018

FXR, a target for different diseases.

Yan-Dong Wang1, Wei-Dong Chen, Wendong Huang

  • 1Department of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.

Histology and Histopathology
|February 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates metabolism and also plays key roles in liver regeneration and cancer prevention. These findings reveal broader functions for FXR, suggesting its potential as a drug target for various diseases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4
06:56

A Flow Cytometry-based Assay to Identify Compounds That Disrupt Binding of Fluorescently-labeled CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 to CXC Chemokine Receptor 4

Published on: March 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is crucial for regulating bile acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose metabolism.
  • Recent research has uncovered novel physiological functions of FXR beyond its established metabolic roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on the extended roles of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).
  • To highlight FXR's newly identified functions in liver regeneration and protection against liver carcinogenesis.
  • To discuss the implications of these findings for developing FXR-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies focusing on FXR response elements and target genes.
  • Analysis of experimental data demonstrating FXR's involvement in physiological processes.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on FXR's function in various disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • FXR is confirmed to be a key regulator of lipid and glucose homeostasis.
  • FXR demonstrates significant roles in promoting normal liver regeneration.
  • FXR exhibits a protective effect against the development of liver cancer.

Conclusions:

  • FXR possesses a wider range of physiological functions than previously understood.
  • The expanded roles of FXR present new therapeutic opportunities for treating liver diseases and potentially other conditions.
  • Targeting FXR may offer novel treatment strategies for metabolic disorders, liver regeneration issues, and liver carcinogenesis.