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Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

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Optimal cascade operation of optical phased-array beam deflectors.

J A Thomas, Y Fainman

|February 21, 2008

Summary

An optimal strategy for cascading phased-array deflectors enables high-resolution beam steering with minimal control lines. This phase-staggered protocol maximizes diffraction efficiency and analog scan control using lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) optical phased arrays.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science
Electrical Engineering

Background:

Phased-array deflectors are crucial for beam steering applications.
Existing methods often require numerous control lines, limiting practicality.
Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) is a key material for optical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an optimal strategy for cascading phased-array deflectors.
To achieve high-resolution random-access beam steering with continuous scan-angle control.
To minimize the number of control lines required for operation.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis using a Fourier optics approach.
Experimental verification using a two-stage phased-array cascade.
Fabrication of 32-channel optical phased arrays using PLZT surface electrodes.

Main Results:

Demonstrated high-resolution random-access beam steering.
Achieved continuous scan-angle control with a minimum number of control lines.
Confirmed performance enhancements of the optimized cascading technique with PLZT arrays.

Conclusions:

The phase-staggered discrete-offset-bias protocol is optimal for cascaded phased-array deflectors.
This strategy maximizes diffraction efficiency and minimizes control lines.
The PLZT-based two-stage deflector successfully validates the optimized cascading technique for advanced beam steering.