Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased by a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

HEMORRHAGIC PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND SEVERE CAROTID STENOSIS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SURGICAL PRIORITIZATION.

Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)·2025

Same author

Finding the Right Host in the Darkness of the Cave-New Insights into the Ecology and Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Hyperparasitic Fungi (Arthrorhynchus nycteribiae, Laboulbeniales).

Microbial ecology·2025

Same author

Challenges in Treating COVID-19 Patients With Severe Burn Injuries.

Annals of burns and fire disasters·2024

Same author

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Self-Inflicted Burn Injuries in Patients With Previously Diagnosed Bipolar Disorder.

Annals of burns and fire disasters·2024

Same author

Mathematical model of aging in COVID-19.

Journal of medical biochemistry·2023

Same author

The influence of the tooth preparation finish line position on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the presence of periodontopathogens in the gingival crevicular fluid.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus meningitis.

M Jovanović¹, G Stevanović¹, T Tošić¹

¹Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia.

Journal of Medical Microbiology

|February 22, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus meningitis was diagnosed in a woman. The bacteria, also found in her horses, was likely transmitted through unpasteurized milk from a cow housed nearby.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen.
Meningitis is a serious infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Observation:

A 72-year-old woman presented with meningitis caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.
The same bacterial species was isolated from her two horses.
The patient denied direct horse contact but consumed unpasteurized milk from a cow housed in the same stable as the horses.

Findings:

The investigation identified a probable link between the patient's meningitis and unpasteurized milk consumption.
The cow, sharing a stable with infected horses, was the likely source of the milk contamination.
This case highlights the potential for zoonotic transmission of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus through dairy products.

Implications:

Unpasteurized milk poses a significant risk for transmitting bacterial pathogens.
Enhanced surveillance and public health education are crucial for preventing zoonotic diseases.
This case underscores the importance of considering animal contact and dairy consumption in meningitis etiologies.