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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

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Published on: January 27, 2010

Needle temperature effect on pain ratings after injection.

Julie C Bartell¹, Katie A Roberts, Natalie J Schutte

¹Monroe Clinic, Monroe, WI, USA.

The Clinical Journal of Pain

|February 22, 2008

Summary

Using cold needles for adult immunizations did not reduce injection pain but did decrease bruising. Cold needles may be beneficial for more painful injections, warranting further investigation.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Pain Management

Background:

Pain is a significant barrier to adult immunization adherence.
Limited research exists on optimizing immunization administration techniques for adults.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if using cold needles for intramuscular injections reduces perceived pain.
To assess the impact of cold needles on vaccine-induced immune response.

Main Methods:

Eighty participants received randomized, double-blind influenza vaccine and saline injections using cold or room temperature needles.
Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale.
Antibody response was measured via hemagglutination inhibition assays.

Main Results:

Influenza vaccine injection pain scores were generally low and not significantly different between cold and room temperature needles.
Saline injection pain scores also showed no significant difference.
Cold needles resulted in less bruising (P<0.02) but did not affect pain or erythema incidence.
Antibody response to the vaccine was not influenced by needle temperature.

Conclusions:

Cold needle use did not alleviate pain from influenza vaccination.
The benefits of cold needles for mild pain injections may be limited.
Further research into cold needles for more painful injections is recommended.