Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
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Silja Holopainen1, Farshid Manoocheri, Erkki Ikonen
11Metrology Research Institute, Helsinki University of Technology, P. O. Box 3000, FI-02015 TKK, Finland. silja.holopainen@tkk.fi
A novel goniofluorometer was developed for precise spectral measurements across diverse viewing and incident angles. This instrument measures bispectral luminescent radiance factors, offering unique capabilities in optical science.
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