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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia
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Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Published on: April 19, 2024

The morphologic variations of low and high hip dislocation.

George Hartofilakidis1, Christos K Yiannakopoulos, George C Babis

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, University of Athens Medical School, Byzantiou 2, Athens, Nea Smyrni, 17121, Greece.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|February 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study classifies adult congenital hip disease into three types: dysplasia, low dislocation, and high dislocation. Radiographic analysis showed distinct subtypes for low and high dislocations with high observer agreement.

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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
07:43

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Congenital hip disease in adults presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Existing classifications may not fully capture the spectrum of hip joint pathoanatomy.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for effective treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To radiographically classify morphologic variations in low and high dislocations of congenital hip disease in adults.
  • To assess the reliability of these classifications through inter- and intraobserver agreement studies.
  • To establish a more precise system for diagnosing borderline cases.

Main Methods:

  • Radiographic analysis of 101 hips with low dislocation and 74 hips with high dislocation.
  • Categorization of low dislocation into Type B1 (extended acetabular coverage) and Type B2 (limited coverage).
  • Categorization of high dislocation into Type C1 (false acetabulum) and Type C2 (femoral head in gluteal muscles).
  • Inter- and intraobserver agreement assessed using kappa values.

Main Results:

  • Low dislocation: 53.5% Type B1, 46.5% Type B2.
  • High dislocation: 62.2% Type C1, 37.8% Type C2.
  • High interobserver (0.963) and intraobserver (0.946, 0.971) agreement for the classification system.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed radiographic classification for low and high dislocations in adult congenital hip disease demonstrates high reliability.
  • These distinct subtypes offer a more detailed understanding of hip joint pathoanatomy.
  • Further clinical validation is needed to confirm the utility of these distinctions in patient management.