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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Human immunodeficiency virus interactions with CD8+ T lymphocytes.

Nitin K Saksena1, Jing Qin Wu, Simon J Potter

  • 1Retroviral Genetics Division, Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia. nitin_saksena@wmi.usyd.edu.au

Current HIV Research
|February 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8+ T cells control HIV through cytolytic and non-cytolytic mechanisms. Maintaining these CD8+ T cell functions is crucial during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8+ T cells exhibit both cytolytic (CTL) and non-cytolytic antiviral activities crucial for HIV pathogenesis.
  • These mechanisms contribute significantly to controlling HIV in vivo.
  • Non-cytolytic CD8+ T cells suppress HIV replication via chemokines and an unidentified soluble antiviral factor (CAF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel aspects of CD8+ T cell interactions with HIV.
  • To elucidate the role of CD8+ T cells in HIV pathogenesis, disease progression, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  • To explore gene expression and cell interactions during HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CD8+ T cell functions in HIV infection.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of HIV control by CD8+ T cells.
  • Examination of the impact of HAART on CD8+ T cell activity.

Main Results:

  • CD8+ T cells employ distinct cytolytic and non-cytolytic pathways to combat HIV.
  • Non-cytolytic suppression involves chemokines and a soluble antiviral factor (CAF).
  • Both CD8+ T cell activities are vital for anti-HIV responses and require maintenance during HAART.

Conclusions:

  • CD8+ T cell-mediated cytolytic and non-cytolytic mechanisms are essential for controlling HIV.
  • Understanding these interactions is critical for managing HIV infection and optimizing HAART.
  • Further research into the CAF and CD8+ T cell interactions can inform therapeutic strategies.