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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Base-pairing and DNA Repair02:27

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
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What histone code for DNA repair?

Alexandre E Escargueil1, Daniele Grazziotin Soares, Mirian Salvador

  • 1Group of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, France.

Mutation Research
|February 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Histone modifications regulate DNA repair by altering chromatin accessibility. Different modifications may act as hallmarks for specific DNA repair pathways, influencing processes like double-strand break repair and nucleotide excision repair.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
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Published on: January 14, 2016

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Published on: June 26, 2020

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Published on: January 31, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chromatin structure is crucial for DNA metabolism and transcriptional regulation.
  • Histone modifications, forming a 'histone code,' regulate chromatin accessibility.
  • Emerging evidence links these modifications to DNA damage detection and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the function of histone modifications in DNA repair.
  • To explore if combinations of histone modifications can signify specific DNA repair pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on histone modifications and DNA repair.
  • Analysis of post-translational modifications in response to DNA damage (e.g., DSBs, UV exposure).

Main Results:

  • Histone H2AX phosphorylation (gamma-H2AX) is a key marker for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), aiding repair protein recruitment.
  • Histone acetylation facilitates nucleotide excision repair (NER) by enhancing chromatin accessibility.
  • The choice of DNA repair pathway (e.g., NHEJ, HR) may be influenced by additional histone modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications play diverse roles in DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Combinatorial histone modifications may serve as specific signatures for distinct DNA repair pathways.