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In vitro frictional forces generated by three different ligation methods.

Paola Gandini1, Linda Orsi, Chiara Bertoncini

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, The University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

The Angle Orthodontist
|February 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Unconventional elastomeric ligatures (UELs) offer low friction comparable to passive self-ligating brackets (SLBs). Conventional elastomeric ligatures (CELs) on conventional brackets (CBs) significantly increased friction, suggesting UELs as a viable alternative for low-friction biomechanics.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Mechanics

Background:

  • Friction between orthodontic brackets and wires is a critical factor influencing treatment efficiency.
  • Passive self-ligating brackets (SLBs) are designed to reduce friction compared to conventional brackets (CBs).
  • Elastomeric ligatures used with CBs can significantly impact frictional resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the in vitro frictional forces generated by passive SLBs and CBs with two types of elastomeric ligatures.
  • To evaluate the influence of different wire types on bracket-ligature friction.
  • To determine if unconventional elastomeric ligatures (UELs) can provide low-friction biomechanics.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing of passive SLBs and CBs with conventional elastomeric ligatures (CELs) and UELs.

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  • Utilized 0.014'' super elastic nickel titanium and 0.019'' x 0.025'' stainless steel wires.
  • Measured resistance to sliding using an Instron testing machine under a dry state.

    • Main Results:

    • Passive SLBs exhibited minimal frictional forces (close to 0 g) across both wire types.
    • CBs with UELs also demonstrated very low frictional forces (close to 0 g) with both wires.
    • CBs with CELs showed a significant increase in resistance to sliding (87-177 g) for both wire types (P < .05).

    Conclusions:

    • Unconventional elastomeric ligatures (UELs) provide a low-friction alternative when used with conventional brackets (CBs).
    • UELs may serve as a viable substitute for passive self-ligating brackets (SLBs) in achieving low-friction biomechanics.
    • The choice of elastomeric ligature significantly impacts frictional forces in orthodontic bracket systems.