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The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Published on: February 19, 2018

Coding strategies in number space: memory requirements influence spatial-numerical associations.

Oliver Lindemann1, Juan M Abolafia, Jay Pratt

  • 1Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. o.lindemann@nici.ru.nl

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|February 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect, linking number size to hand response, is influenced by memory task coding strategies, not automatic processes. This suggests cognitive strategies, not automaticity, underlie number-space associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • The spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect demonstrates a link between number magnitude and spatial response location.
  • This effect has been traditionally interpreted as evidence for automatic spatial-numerical associations in cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of task-irrelevant memory representations on the SNARC effect.
  • To determine whether the SNARC effect is an automatic process or influenced by cognitive coding strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Participants memorized number sequences (ascending, descending, disordered).
  • Following memorization, participants performed a parity judgment task using left/right keypresses.
  • Reaction times were analyzed to assess the SNARC effect under different memory coding conditions.

Main Results:

  • The SNARC effect in the parity task was modulated by the type of number sequence memorized.
  • A significant SNARC effect was observed after memorizing ascending or disordered sequences, but not descending sequences.
  • These effects were dependent on the consistency of sequence types within experimental blocks.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge the notion of automatic and obligatory spatial-numerical associations.
  • Cognitive coding strategies employed during memory tasks appear to mediate the SNARC effect.
  • This suggests that the link between numbers and space is flexible and strategy-dependent, rather than purely automatic.