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Associations Between Physical Stimulus Size and Vertical Response Locations.

Peter Wühr1, Oliver Lindemann2

  • 1Department of Psychology, TU Dortmund University, Germany.

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|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical stimulus size is linked to vertical locations. Small stimuli are faster in lower locations, while large stimuli are faster in higher locations, impacting both manual and vocal responses.

Keywords:
SSARC effecthorizontalmetaphorsize–hand compatibilitysize–location compatibilityvertical

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Previous research established associations between stimulus size and horizontal spatial locations.
  • The relationship between physical stimulus size and vertical spatial locations remained less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and direction of associations between physical stimulus size and vertical response locations.
  • To determine if size-space compatibility effects extend to vocal responses.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: 80 participants responded to stimulus size using vertically arranged keys, manipulating stimulus-key mappings and hand-key assignments.
  • Experiment 2: 66 participants responded vocally to stimulus size using location words.

Main Results:

  • A novel compatibility effect was observed: responses to small stimuli were faster at lower locations, and responses to large stimuli were faster at higher locations.
  • This size-stimulus vertical location compatibility effect was replicated using vocal responses.

Conclusions:

  • Physical stimulus size is associated with vertical spatial locations, similar to horizontal associations.
  • These associations may stem from learned correlations and semantic knowledge, as evidenced by vocal response compatibility.