Vallecular varix causing diagnostic confusion in hematemesis

Hematemesis is a common and dramatic presentation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is a source of significant morbidity and mortality. Common causes include peptic ulcer disease and varices. However, endoscopists need to be aware of other rare causes to avoid a delay in diagnosis, which may be potentially fatal.

We present a case of vallecular varix causing recurrent hematemesis and successfully treated with sclerosant injection. We also review the literature regarding its pathogenesis and treatment.

Vallecular varicosities are a rare cause of life-threatening bleeding from the aerodigestive tract. The area should be targeted early for evaluation especially in cases of bleeding of unknown origin.