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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes
05:51

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Published on: November 15, 2016

Solid-state white light-emitting electrochemical cells using iridium-based cationic transition metal complexes.

Hai-Ching Su1, Hsiao-Fan Chen, Fu-Chuan Fang

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed white solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) using iridium complexes. These devices offer efficient, high-quality white light, suggesting a promising future for advanced lighting technologies.

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Published on: January 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Solid-state lighting technologies are crucial for energy efficiency.
  • Developing efficient and stable white light-emitting devices remains a key challenge.
  • Iridium complexes are known for their electroluminescent properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate white electroluminescent emission from single-layered solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs).
  • To investigate the performance of host-guest cationic iridium complexes in LECs for white light generation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of single-layered solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs).
  • Utilizing host-guest cationic iridium complexes as the emissive material.
  • Characterization of electroluminescent spectra, efficiency, and color rendering.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of white electroluminescent emission.
  • Achieved Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates ranging from (0.45, 0.40) to (0.35, 0.39) at 2.9-3.3 V.
  • High color rendering indices up to 80.
  • Peak external quantum efficiency of 4% and peak power efficiency of 7.8 lm/W.

Conclusions:

  • Host-guest cationic iridium complexes are effective for generating white electroluminescence in LECs.
  • These white LECs show potential as a viable alternative for solid-state lighting.
  • The developed technology offers high efficiency and excellent color quality.