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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
07:39

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: August 16, 2021

New devices for pediatric mechanical circulatory support.

Linda B Pauliks1, Akif Undar

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|February 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) are now available for pediatric patients with advanced heart failure. These devices offer a vital treatment option, serving as a bridge to transplant or recovery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
07:39

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: August 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) are established treatments for adult advanced heart failure.
  • Historically, a lack of suitable devices limited pediatric patient access to MCSDs.
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is also considered for pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review currently available pediatric mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) in the US.
  • To discuss pediatric MCSDs in the development pipeline.
  • To compare the role of ECMO with MCSDs in pediatric care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available and developing pediatric MCSDs.
  • Analysis of device suitability based on patient size (body-surface area).
  • Discussion of clinical use and preclinical testing of various devices.

Main Results:

  • The pediatric Berlin Heart Excor is available for small patients (<0.7 m² BSA).
  • Adult MCSDs (e.g., Abiomed BVS-5000, Thoratec, HeartMate, DeBakey) may suit larger children.
  • Several new pediatric MCSDs are in preclinical testing or limited international clinical use.

Conclusions:

  • Experience with pediatric MCSDs for advanced heart failure is growing.
  • MCSDs are increasingly important for pediatric heart transplant candidates.
  • MCSDs can serve as a bridge to recovery in pediatric patients.