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Related Concept Videos

Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
First Impression01:09

First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
Perception01:28

Perception

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Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

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Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

When a thought equals a look: refreshing enhances perceptual memory.

Do-Joon Yi1, Nicholas B Turk-Browne, Marvin M Chun

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea. dojoon.yi@yonsei.ac.kr

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|February 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Recalling information mentally, like remembering a scene, impacts future perception similarly to seeing it again. This suggests top-down cognitive processes activate visual brain regions, influencing memory and perception.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
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Published on: August 15, 2010

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

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08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Cognition relies on recalling information not currently perceived.
  • The inferior temporal cortex may mediate high-level cognition through perceptual representation revival.
  • Previous studies link visual imagery and working memory to this brain region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if internally retrieved information affects subsequent perception.
  • To determine if mental refreshment of visual scenes impacts neural memory markers.
  • To support the hypothesis that top-down processing reactivates perceptual representations.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed category judgments on visual scenes presented in frames.
  • A critical condition required mental refreshment of a scene from a blank second frame.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measured repetition attenuation in scene-selective visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • Refreshed scenes showed neural memory effects (repetition attenuation) comparable to stimuli seen twice.
  • Mental refreshment led to greater attenuation than stimuli seen only once without refreshment.
  • Top-down revival of perceptual information mimicked the memory effects of actual re-exposure.

Conclusions:

  • High-level cognition, through mental refreshment, activates specific ventral visual cortex representations.
  • Top-down activation, akin to sensory input, induces memorial changes affecting future perception.
  • Internal information retrieval significantly influences perceptual processing and memory formation.