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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Bone morphogenetic protein-9 is a circulating vascular quiescence factor.

Laurent David¹, Christine Mallet, Michelle Keramidas

¹Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U878, Grenoble, France.

Circulation Research

|March 1, 2008

Summary

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 is a circulating anti-angiogenic factor. It circulates at biologically active concentrations and inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth, suggesting a role in vascular quiescence.

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Published on: September 14, 2021

Area of Science:

Vascular biology
Endocrinology

Background:

Angiogenesis is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory signals.
Activin receptor like-kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial cell receptor involved in angiogenesis.
Mutations in ALK1 cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 and BMP10 in vascular quiescence.
To determine if BMP9 circulates in human serum at biologically active concentrations.
To assess the anti-angiogenic effects of BMP9 in vivo.

Main Methods:

Detection of BMP9 in human serum using neutralizing antibodies.
Quantification of circulating BMP9 levels.
Assessment of BMP9's effect on angiogenesis using mouse sponge and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays.

Main Results:

Human serum induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation, which was inhibited by anti-BMP9 antibodies.
BMP9 circulates in healthy humans at concentrations (2-12 ng/mL) above its EC(50) (50 pg/mL).
BMP9 significantly inhibited sprouting angiogenesis in vivo and blood circulation in a chicken model.

Conclusions:

BMP9 is a circulating, biologically active anti-angiogenic factor.
BMP9 likely plays a physiological role in maintaining adult blood vessel quiescence.
BMP9 represents a potential therapeutic target for angiogenesis-related disorders.