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Related Concept Videos

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Muscles of the Shoulder

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Three-dimensional scapular kinematics during the throwing motion.

Kristin E Meyer1, Erin E Saether, Emily K Soiney

  • 1Program in Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|March 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proper scapular motion is vital for shoulder mechanics during throwing. This study analyzed 3D scapular movement in asymptomatic throwers, identifying key positions and rotations throughout the throwing motion.

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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Normal shoulder function relies on proper scapular kinematics.
  • The dynamic role of the scapula during throwing is not fully understood.
  • Understanding scapular motion is key to preventing shoulder injuries in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and describe the 3D scapular motion during low-velocity throwing in asymptomatic individuals.
  • To determine the reliability of scapular motion measurements during the throwing motion.
  • To identify specific phases of the throwing motion where abnormal scapular kinematics may increase injury risk.

Main Methods:

  • Electromagnetic surface sensors were used to collect 3D motion data from the sternum, acromion, and humerus.
  • Data were collected from 20 asymptomatic subjects (10 male, 10 female) during three trials of low-velocity throwing.
  • Scapular angular position was analyzed at five predetermined events throughout the throwing motion.

Main Results:

  • High trial-to-trial reliability (ICC 0.74-0.98) was observed for scapular motion measurements.
  • The scapula exhibited external rotation, upward rotation (peak ~40°), and posterior humeral horizontal abduction.
  • During arm acceleration and maximum internal rotation, the scapula showed significant changes in internal rotation, upward rotation, and anterior tilting.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in scapular position occur across the throwing motion.
  • Specific throwing events are associated with distinct scapular orientations.
  • Abnormal scapular kinematics during these events may predispose throwers to shoulder pathologies.