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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)
05:47

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

Published on: September 23, 2021

Depression in an evolutionary context.

Lewis Wolpert

    Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine : PEHM
    |March 4, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mild sadness and depression can be adaptive, prompting individuals to recover from loss. However, severe or clinical depression is maladaptive, representing a harmful progression of sadness.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Clinical Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Sadness and low-level depression are generally considered adaptive responses to loss.
    • These states motivate individuals to address and rectify perceived deficits or losses.

    Discussion:

    • Severe or clinical depression, in contrast, is viewed as maladaptive.
    • This condition represents a pathological or 'malignant' transformation of normal sadness.

    Key Insights:

    • Adaptive sadness facilitates coping and recovery mechanisms.
    • Maladaptive depression signifies a failure of these coping mechanisms, leading to persistent negative affect.

    Outlook:

    • Further research into the neurobiological underpinnings differentiating adaptive sadness from clinical depression is warranted.
    • Understanding this distinction is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions for depressive disorders.