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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and empty blood into the...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs
08:19

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs

Published on: July 12, 2022

Left ventricular relaxation.

Wei Zhao1, Jung Hyun Choi, Geu-Ru Hong

  • 1Davis Heart and Lung Research Center, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Heart Failure Clinics
|March 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Assessing left ventricular relaxation, crucial for heart function, can be done noninvasively. New methods like 2D speckle tracking (STI) and cardiac MRI offer advanced insights into myocardial movement.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Left ventricular (LV) relaxation is a vital, energy-dependent cardiac function.
  • LV relaxation is often impaired in various disease states.
  • Accurate assessment of LV relaxation is critical for diagnosing and managing cardiac conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing and emerging noninvasive techniques for assessing LV relaxation.
  • To highlight advancements in measuring myocardial rotational dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established noninvasive methods: M-mode echocardiography, cardiac CT, and MRI.
  • Discussion of newer techniques: vector flow mapping (VFM), 2D speckle tracking imaging (STI), and harmonic phase-tagged MRI.

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs
08:19

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs

Published on: July 12, 2022

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
08:09

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

Main Results:

  • Noninvasive methods provide valuable insights into LV relaxation.
  • Emerging techniques offer enhanced capabilities for evaluating myocardial mechanics and rotational movement.
  • These advanced methods show promise for improved diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive assessment of LV relaxation has evolved significantly.
  • New imaging modalities provide more detailed information on myocardial function.
  • Further research into these techniques can improve patient outcomes.