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Related Concept Videos

Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

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Sleep, hypnotics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Gerben Stege1, Petra J E Vos, Frank J J van den Elshout

  • 1Department of Pulmonology, Rijnstate Hospital, PO Box 9555, 6800 TA, Arnhem, The Netherlands. gstege@alysis.nl <gstege@alysis.nl>

Respiratory Medicine
|March 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Sleep quality is often poor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, leading to fatigue and reduced quality of life. While sedatives may help, their respiratory safety in COPD requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Sleep Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sleep quality is frequently impaired in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • Comorbidities can further exacerbate diminished sleep quality in COPD patients.
  • Poor sleep quality is linked to adverse daytime outcomes, including fatigue, psychiatric issues, and reduced quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of compromised sleep quality in COPD patients.
  • To explore the role of pharmacological interventions in managing sleep disturbances in COPD.
  • To assess the respiratory safety of sedative medications in COPD patients experiencing sleep issues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating sleep quality in COPD.
  • Analysis of physiological respiratory changes during sleep in COPD.
  • Examination of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of sedatives (benzodiazepines and NBBRAs) for sleep improvement in COPD.

Main Results:

  • Sleep disturbances are common in COPD and associated with significant daytime impairments.
  • Physiological respiratory alterations during sleep can worsen hypoxemia and hypercapnia in COPD.
  • Sedatives like benzodiazepines and NBBRAs demonstrate effectiveness in improving sleep quality.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing COPD symptoms such as dyspnea and cough is crucial for minimizing sleep disruption.
  • While effective for sleep quality, the respiratory safety of sedatives in COPD remains uncertain.
  • The use of hypnotics in COPD patients should be limited to the shortest possible duration due to potential respiratory risks.