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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial precursors...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...

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Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification
09:04

Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification

Published on: June 2, 2023

MitoP2, an integrated database for mitochondrial proteins.

Holger Prokisch1, Uwe Ahting

  • 1Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria are crucial for cellular processes and implicated in diseases like Parkinson's. The MitoP2 database organizes mitochondrial protein data, aiding research into mitochondriopathies.

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Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification
09:04

Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification

Published on: June 2, 2023

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution
10:47

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

Published on: May 5, 2023

Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
08:55

Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: July 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondria play a vital role in cellular functions and are implicated in diseases such as Parkinson's, diabetes, and obesity.
  • The number of known mitochondrial proteins is rapidly increasing, with ongoing high-throughput studies enhancing our understanding of the mitochondrial proteome.
  • Existing research includes computational predictions, proteome mapping, mutant screening, expression profiling, and protein-protein interaction studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the MitoP2 database for structuring, exploring, and customizing data on mitochondrial proteins, functions, and associated diseases.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the mitochondrial proteome across various species, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mouse, humans, and Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To facilitate genetic investigations into human mitochondriopathies by integrating diverse data sources.

Main Methods:

  • Focused on orthology analysis between species.
  • Defined mitochondrial reference sets for key species.
  • Integrated data predictive of mitochondrial localization and function from genomewide approaches.
  • Included functional data from model systems and genetic studies of mitochondriopathies.
  • Calculated a combined score to summarize evidence for mitochondrial protein localization.

Main Results:

  • MitoP2 offers a structured repository of mitochondrial protein information.
  • The database integrates orthology, localization predictions, and functional data.
  • A combined score aids in assessing mitochondrial localization evidence.
  • Data is accessible via search tools and linked to original sources.

Conclusions:

  • The MitoP2 database provides a valuable resource for understanding the mitochondrial proteome.
  • It facilitates research into the genetic basis of mitochondriopathies.
  • The integrated approach aids in exploring mitochondrial protein function and localization.