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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

What is new in autism?

Isabelle Rapin1, Roberto F Tuchman

  • 1Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research in Mental Retardation and Human Development, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. rapin@aecom.yu.edu

Current Opinion in Neurology
|March 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research is advancing our understanding of its causes, focusing on genetics, brain connectivity, and early markers. This progress aims to improve early identification and develop targeted interventions for autism.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect 1 in 150 children, necessitating a deeper understanding of its complex etiology.
  • Current research trends are significantly shaping the scientific and clinical understanding of ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key topics in the autism literature that are influencing current thinking and research.
  • To highlight advancements in the research and clinical understanding of autism spectrum disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent autism research.
  • Analysis of genetic, epigenetic, and neuroimaging studies.
  • Examination of findings from sibling and population studies.

Main Results:

  • Etiology of autism is increasingly understood through single-stranded microdeletions and epigenetic influences on brain development.
  • Synaptic structure and function are identified as central to autism development, offering potential intervention targets.
  • Brain underconnectivity is a key finding in neuroimaging studies, shaping the conceptualization of autism.
  • Sibling studies are identifying early autism markers and defining the broader autism phenotype.
  • There is no single cause or epidemic of autism, despite increased awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Larger genetic datasets and a focus on early autism signs are improving etiological understanding.
  • Recognizing autism subgroups is crucial for advancing research.
  • Investigating the molecular biology of social cognition will expand mechanistically based intervention options for autism.