Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates these...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT₃ Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through interaction...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...

Equilibrium and Balance

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Editorial: Gastrointestinal symptoms-A world of differences.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2024

Same author

Alosetron versus traditional pharmacotherapy in clinical practice: effects on resource use, health-related quality of life, safety and symptom improvement in women with severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Current medical research and opinion·2018

Same author

Adderall induced acute liver injury: a rare case and review of the literature.

Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine·2013

Same author

A prospective study evaluating emotional disturbance in subjects undergoing defecating proctography.

World journal of gastroenterology·2013

Same author

Targeted therapies for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Clinical and experimental gastroenterology·2012

Same author

What factors are associated with the difficult-to-sedate endoscopy patient?

Digestive diseases and sciences·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Nausea and vomiting.

Pavan Chepyala¹, Kevin W Olden

¹Kevin W. Olden, MD Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot #567, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. kwolden@uams.edu.

Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology

|March 7, 2008

Summary

Nausea and vomiting stem from the emetic reflex, often triggered by various factors. Effective management involves identifying triggers, supportive care for acute cases, and targeted therapies for chronic or complex nausea and vomiting.

More Related Videos

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting

Published on: August 4, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting

Published on: August 4, 2023

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Pharmacology

Background:

Nausea and vomiting are complex symptoms triggered by the emetic reflex, with diverse endogenous and exogenous factors complicating understanding and treatment.
Acute vomiting (< 48 hours) typically has identifiable causes like infections or food poisoning, manageable with trigger removal and supportive care.
Chronic or unexplained nausea and vomiting present diagnostic challenges, often necessitating investigation into functional gastroduodenal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology of the emetic reflex.
To discuss diagnostic approaches for nausea and vomiting.
To outline therapeutic strategies targeting various emetic pathways and neurotransmitters.

Main Methods:

Literature review of emetic pathways, neurotransmitters, and pharmacological agents.
Analysis of diagnostic approaches including history, physical examination, and investigations.
Categorization of treatments based on clinical scenarios (acute, chronic, specific conditions).

Main Results:

Effective management hinges on thorough patient history and physical examination.
Acute vomiting is often resolved by addressing the trigger and providing supportive therapy.
Targeted pharmacotherapies, including histamine-1 antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, and others, are effective for specific types of nausea and vomiting.

Conclusions:

Understanding emetic pathways and neurotransmitters is crucial for effective nausea and vomiting management.
A stepwise approach, from basic assessment to specialized investigations and targeted pharmacotherapy, is essential.
Pharmacological interventions should be tailored to the underlying cause and clinical presentation of nausea and vomiting.