Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2026
11:34
High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques
Published on: December 3, 2013
Three-dimensional vision based on a combination of gray-code and phase-shift light projection: analysis and
G Sansoni1, M Carocci, R Rodella
1Instituto Nazionale Fisica della Materia and the Dipartimento di Elettronica per l'Automazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. sansoni@bsing.ing.unibs.it
Applied Optics
|March 8, 2008
Summary
This study presents a novel 3D vision system combining gray-code and phase-shift structured light projection for accurate surface measurement. The system achieves high linearity and precision, with a mean error of only 40 micrometers.
Area of Science:
- Computer Vision
- Metrology
- Optical Engineering
Background:
- Structured light projection is crucial for 3D reconstruction.
- Existing methods face challenges with surface discontinuities and fine detail measurement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a hybrid structured light system combining gray-code and phase-shift techniques.
- To enhance accuracy and robustness in 3D surface measurement.
Main Methods:
- Integrated gray-code projection for unambiguous discontinuity detection.
- Employed phase-shift profilometry for high-resolution surface detail acquisition.
- Developed a calibration procedure for optimal parameter settings and error analysis.
Main Results:
- The combined system demonstrates excellent linearity.
- Achieved a mean measurement error of 40 micrometers (±35 micrometers).
- Error represents 0.06% of the full scale, indicating high precision.
Conclusions:
- The hybrid approach effectively addresses limitations of individual methods.
- The system offers a robust and accurate solution for 3D surface metrology.
- Detailed error analysis and calibration ensure reliable performance.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
01:28Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology
Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
01:24Color Vision
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
01:24Vision
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
01:26Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...