[Evaluation of the visual disorders of the children]

The refractive error and the strabismus are the most frequent of the visual abnormalities of the children. Without early treatment a high bilateral refractive error produces a bilateral amblyopia. The asymmetric refractive error and the strabismus can produce unilateral amblyopia when the treatment is delayed (glasses for the first and glasses and alternative fixation for the last). The early diagnosis is necessary to a preventive action. The search of these anomalies is systematic when the family has history of amblyopia or strabismus. Sometimes, a strabismus is the first manifestation of a severe visual abnormality, the ophthalmologist must quickly examinate all the children with a strabismus. The other high abnormalities of visual function (cataracte, glaucoma, retinal disease) cause a comportemental dysfunction and/or involve ocular modifications. Most of these visual manifestations are diagnosed with an attentive easy examination of the children.