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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining. Bicarbonate,...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Neuroendocrine factors alter host defense by modulating immune function.

Cherie L Butts1, Esther M Sternberg

  • 1Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health/NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N15, MSC 9401, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Cellular Immunology
|March 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The neuroendocrine and immune systems communicate bidirectionally, influencing sickness behavior and immune responses. Neuroendocrine factors can alter immune cell function, impacting disease susceptibility and gender-specific health disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Bidirectional communication exists between the neuroendocrine and immune systems.
  • Immune system cytokines can affect neuronal activity, leading to sickness behavior.
  • Neuroendocrine factors influence immune cell function and host defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of the neuroendocrine system on immune cells and host immunity.
  • To discuss the role of neuroendocrine factors in disease susceptibility and gender-specific differences.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuroendocrine-immune system interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine factor effects on immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Neuroendocrine factors modify immune cell gene transcription and intracellular activity.
  • These modifications impact immune responses against pathogens.
  • Neuroendocrine system activity is linked to increased disease susceptibility and severity.

Conclusions:

  • The neuroendocrine system significantly modulates immune cell function.
  • This interaction contributes to host defense, disease development, and gender-specific disease incidence.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for addressing immune-related disorders.