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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
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Exercise-induced bronchospasm in children.

Chris Randolph1

  • 1Center for Allergy, Asthma, Immunology, 1389 West Main Street, Suite 205, Waterbury, CT 06708, USA. ccrandmd@aol.com

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|March 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) affects children with and without asthma, causing temporary airway narrowing during exercise. Proper management allows children with EIB to participate fully in sports.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a common condition affecting individuals during strenuous physical activity.
  • It is characterized by transient airway narrowing, leading to a decline in pulmonary function.
  • EIB can occur in individuals with or without a prior diagnosis of asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of exercise-induced bronchospasm in pediatric populations.
  • To detail the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management strategies for EIB.
  • To emphasize the importance of proper asthma management for children's sports participation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on exercise-induced bronchospasm in children.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria, including objective exercise challenge tests and clinical history.
  • Outline of pharmacotherapeutic and non-pharmacotherapeutic management approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • EIB is defined as a significant decline in pulmonary function (≥10%) during or after exercise, typically lasting 5-10 minutes.
    • Diagnosis relies on a combination of patient history and objective exercise challenge testing.
    • Effective management strategies exist for both underlying asthma and EIB itself, including pharmacotherapy and allergy management.

    Conclusions:

    • Children with asthma can participate in all sports activities when their condition is appropriately managed.
    • Exercise-induced bronchospasm is a manageable condition in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic children.
    • Early diagnosis and comprehensive management are key to enabling children with EIB to lead active lives.