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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of 2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Nuclear Export

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Signaling to nuclear transport.

Paul R Clarke¹

¹Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom. p.r.clarke@dundee.ac.uk

Developmental Cell

|March 12, 2008

Summary

Protein kinase signaling pathways control nucleocytoplasmic transport by phosphorylating RanBP3, a key factor in the Ran GTPase system. This finding links nuclear transport regulation to mitogenic signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Nucleocytoplasmic transport is essential for cellular function, regulating the movement of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
The Ran GTPase system plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport.
RanBP3 is an accessory factor that functions within the Ran GTPase system.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling nucleocytoplasmic transport.
To determine the role of protein kinase signaling pathways in nucleocytoplasmic transport.
To elucidate the function of RanBP3 in the context of signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

The study utilized biochemical assays to examine protein interactions and phosphorylation events.

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Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

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Published on: March 11, 2011

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Published on: March 11, 2011

Experiments involved analyzing the effects of protein kinase activity on RanBP3 function.

Cellular localization studies were performed to assess the impact on nucleocytoplasmic transport.

Main Results:

Evidence demonstrates that protein kinase signaling pathways directly control nucleocytoplasmic transport.
Phosphorylation of RanBP3 by protein kinases was identified as a key regulatory event.
This phosphorylation mechanism influences the function of RanBP3 within the Ran GTPase system.

Conclusions:

Protein kinase signaling pathways regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport through the phosphorylation of RanBP3.
This regulatory mechanism provides a link between nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitogenic signaling.
The findings offer insights into how cellular signaling coordinates nuclear transport with broader cellular responses.