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Spatial encoding using a code division technique for fast ultrasound imaging.

Fredrik Gran1, Jørgen Arendt Jensen

  • 1Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Ørsted.DTU, Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby. fg@oersted.dtu.dk

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|March 13, 2008
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel spatial encoding method for synthetic transmit aperture ultrasound imaging using pseudorandom sequences. This technique enables simultaneous transmissions, reducing motion sensitivity and acquisition time for improved ultrasound diagnostics.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Ultrasound Technology
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Synthetic transmit aperture (STA) ultrasound imaging allows for improved image quality by electronically mimicking a larger aperture.
  • Simultaneous transmission from multiple ultrasonic sources can accelerate data acquisition but requires effective spatial encoding methods.
  • Existing spatial encoding techniques like Hadamard or Golay encoding can be sensitive to motion and require multiple transmissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and analyze the theory behind a new spatial encoding method for STA ultrasound imaging using pseudorandom sequences.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and performance of this method in both simulations and an experimental ultrasound system.
  • To compare the proposed method against standard STA techniques in terms of resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast.

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Main Methods:

  • Spatial encoding of ultrasonic transmitters using pseudorandom sequences for simultaneous transmissions.
  • Decoding of transmitted data after a single transmission utilizing knowledge of the code sequences.
  • Evaluation using Field II simulations for point-spread functions and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis.
  • Experimental validation on an ultrasound scanner comparing performance against a sinusoidal excitation STA scheme.

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of approximately 1.5 dB compared to standard STA.
  • The proposed method demonstrated comparable axial and lateral resolution to the reference STA method in experimental tests.
  • Poorer contrast and sidelobe levels around -40 dB were observed compared to the mainlobe in the experimental setup.

Conclusions:

  • The pseudorandom sequence-based spatial encoding method is feasible for synthetic transmit aperture ultrasound imaging.
  • While offering advantages in reduced motion sensitivity and acquisition time, the method's contrast performance requires further optimization.
  • The technique shows potential for accelerating ultrasound data acquisition while maintaining resolution comparable to conventional methods.