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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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Acoustically steered and rotated true-time-delay generator based on wavelength-division multiplexing.

E G Paek1, Y S Im, J Y Choe

  • 1Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8951, USA. paek@nist.gov

Applied Optics
|March 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel acoustically steered and rotated (ASTRO) true-time-delay (TTD) generator enables two-dimensional multiple beam generation using wavelength-division multiplexing and a unique acousto-optic prism, reducing hardware complexity.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Signal Processing
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Conventional true-time-delay (TTD) generators often suffer from hardware complexity and redundancy.
  • Generating multiple, steerable beams in two dimensions presents significant engineering challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel acoustically steered and rotated (ASTRO) true-time-delay (TTD) generator architecture.
  • To demonstrate the capability of generating two-dimensional (2D) multiple beams without extraneous outputs.
  • To introduce a nonmechanical acousto-optic dove prism for beam rotation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to encode linear chirp time delays with distinct wavelengths.
  • Forming an array of light stripes with varying chirp time delays.
  • Employing a novel nonmechanical acousto-optic dove prism for angular rotation of the optical beams.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of 2D multiple beams without extraneous signals, validating the ASTRO TTD concept.
  • Significant reduction in hardware complexity compared to conventional TTD systems.
  • Experimental evidence supporting the feasibility of the proposed architecture.

Conclusions:

  • The ASTRO TTD generator offers a simplified and efficient approach to 2D multiple beam formation.
  • The proposed system has potential for applications in areas requiring advanced beam steering.
  • Further discussion addresses technical considerations for practical implementation and bidirectional communication extensions.