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Related Concept Videos

Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Published on: January 17, 2018

Meningioma.

Christine Marosi1, Marco Hassler, Karl Roessler

  • 1University of Vienna, Austria. christine.marosi@meduniwien.ac.at

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|March 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meningiomas, common intracranial tumors, have varying survival rates based on type. Complete surgical excision is standard, with radiotherapy and radiosurgery playing key roles in management, though adjuvant irradiation remains debated.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Meningiomas constitute 13-26% of intracranial tumors, predominantly affecting older females.
  • Established risk factors include NF2 gene deletions and radiation exposure; the role of sex hormones is under investigation.
  • Survival rates vary significantly, exceeding 80% for typical meningiomas but dropping below 60% for malignant and atypical subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of meningioma epidemiology, risk factors, and prognostic indicators.
  • To outline established and emerging treatment modalities for meningiomas.
  • To discuss the controversies and future directions in meningioma management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of meningioma epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors including tumor morphology, genetic alterations, and receptor status.
  • Evaluation of surgical, radiotherapeutic, and investigational medical treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Poor prognostic factors include papillary/hemangiopericytic morphology, large size, high mitotic index, absence of progesterone receptors, and specific genetic deletions.
  • Complete surgical excision is the primary treatment; radiotherapy (45-60Gy) and radiosurgery are crucial for atypical, malignant, or recurrent cases, especially skull base tumors.
  • Investigational therapies include hormonal agents and chemotherapy, showing modest activity in progressive disease.

Conclusions:

  • Meningioma management requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating surgery, radiotherapy, and consideration of prognostic factors.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of sex hormones and optimize adjuvant treatment strategies.
  • Radiosurgery is increasingly important for unresectable meningiomas, while medical therapies are limited to investigational settings.