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Accessory muscles: anatomy, symptoms, and radiologic evaluation
Paul A Sookur1, Ali M Naraghi, Robert R Bleakney
1Department of Medical Imaging, Royal London Hospital, London, England.
Summary
Accessory muscles, often found incidentally, can sometimes cause symptoms like swelling or nerve compression. Recognizing these anatomical variations is key for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Radiology
- Surgery
Background:
- Supernumerary and accessory muscles are anatomical variations frequently documented in medical literature.
- Most accessory muscles are asymptomatic incidental findings during imaging or surgical procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the clinical significance of accessory muscles.
- To emphasize their role in diagnosis and treatment when symptomatic.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of anatomic, surgical, and radiology findings.
- Clinical case analysis of symptomatic accessory muscles.
Main Results:
- Accessory muscles are common anatomical variations.
- While usually asymptomatic, they can cause symptoms such as palpable swelling.
- Mass effect on neurovascular structures, particularly in fibro-osseous tunnels, is a potential complication.
Conclusions:
- Recognition of accessory muscles is crucial for diagnosing unexplained symptoms.
- Careful evaluation of these anatomical variations aids in patient management and treatment planning.
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