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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...

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Re: Bobelyak M, Vaculik J, Stepan JJ. Bone mineral density assessment using Radiofrequency Echographic Mult Spectrometry (REMS) in patients before and after total hip replacement, Osteoporos Int 2025;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07685-w and Re: Pocock N, Chan D. Editorial: Is REMS-BMD truly a measured parameter? A call for transparency and technical clarification, Osteoporos Int 2025;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07699-4.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
10:35

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Published on: September 17, 2019

Vertebral morphometry: current methods and recent advances.

G Guglielmi1, D Diacinti, C van Kuijk

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy. g.guglielmi@unifg.it

European Radiology
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoporosis vertebral fractures are often asymptomatic and detected radiographically. Advanced DXA scans offer a rapid, low-dose prescreening tool for vertebral fracture assessment, integrating bone density and fracture status.

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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
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Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
12:59

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Osteoporosis and skeletal imaging.

Background:

  • Vertebral fractures are key indicators of osteoporosis, linked to higher morbidity and mortality.
  • Many vertebral fractures are asymptomatic and identified through radiographic imaging.
  • Current methods for assessing fracture severity include semiquantitative (SQ) visual assessment and morphometric quantitative analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of advanced fan-beam dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for vertebral fracture assessment.
  • To explore the potential of DXA imaging as a prescreening tool for osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced fan-beam DXA devices for rapid, low-dose assessment.
  • Employing visual or morphometric analysis on lateral DXA spine images.
  • Comparing DXA-based assessment with conventional spinal radiographs (MRX) and DXA-derived morphometric X-ray absorptiometry (MXA).

Main Results:

  • Advanced DXA provides an integrated assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fracture status.
  • Lateral DXA spine images can be used for visual or morphometric fracture assessment.
  • DXA-based assessment may serve as an effective prescreening method.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced fan-beam DXA is a practical tool for assessing vertebral fractures in osteoporosis patients.
  • DXA imaging of the lateral spine can potentially exclude individuals without fractures, optimizing the need for conventional radiography.