Role of inertia in nonequilibrium steady states of sheared binary fluids

We study numerically phase separation in a binary fluid subject to an applied shear flow in two dimensions, with full hydrodynamics. To do so, we introduce a mixed finite-differencing and spectral simulation technique, with a transformation to render trivial the implementation of Lees-Edwards sheared periodic boundary conditions. For systems with inertia, we reproduce the nonequilibrium steady states reported in a recent lattice Boltzmann study. The domain coarsening that would occur in zero shear is arrested by the applied shear flow, which restores a finite-domain-size set by the inverse shear rate. For inertialess systems, in contrast, we find no evidence of nonequilibrium steady states free of finite-size effects: Coarsening persists indefinitely until the typical domain size attains the system size, as in zero shear. We present an analytical argument that supports this observation and that furthermore provides a possible explanation for a hitherto puzzling property of the nonequilibrium steady states with inertia.