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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
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Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Three-dimensional magnetic correlations in multiferroic LuFe2O4.

A D Christianson1, M D Lumsden, M Angst

  • 1Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single crystal neutron diffraction reveals multiferroic LuFe(2)O(4) exhibits three-dimensional magnetic interactions. Below 175 K, magnetic peaks broaden, indicating complex magnetic scattering in this multiferroic material.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Multiferroic materials exhibit coupled magnetic and electric properties.
  • Understanding the magnetic interactions in LuFe(2)O(4) is crucial for its potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic structure and interactions in multiferroic LuFe(2)O(4) using single crystal neutron diffraction.
  • To determine the nature of magnetic transitions and associated phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal neutron diffraction was performed on multiferroic LuFe(2)O(4).
  • Analysis of magnetic reflections and peak profiles was conducted at various temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Magnetic reflections indicate three-dimensional magnetic interactions below 240 K and 175 K.
  • A ferrimagnetic spin configuration was refined below the 240 K transition.
  • Significant peak broadening and diffuse scattering were observed below 175 K.

Conclusions:

  • LuFe(2)O(4) possesses three-dimensional magnetic interactions.
  • The magnetic structure transitions from ferrimagnetic to a more complex state involving diffuse scattering at lower temperatures.