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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...

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Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

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Published on: July 12, 2012

Epigenetic codes in cognition and behaviour.

Johannes Gräff1, Isabelle M Mansuy

  • 1Brain Research Institute, Medical Faculty of the University of Zürich and Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, Switzerland.

Behavioural Brain Research
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic codes in the brain regulate identity, plasticity, and memory. These epigenetic marks can be inherited across generations, influencing traits and disease susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic marking of chromatin is crucial for cellular identity and response to stimuli.
  • Epigenetic codes are dynamic yet stable, influencing both basic cellular processes and complex behaviors.
  • In the nervous system, epigenetic mechanisms are vital for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role and mechanisms of epigenetic codes in the brain.
  • To discuss the implications of brain epigenetic codes in synaptic plasticity, cognitive functions, and psychiatric disorders.
  • To explore examples of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic marks and their potential impact on medicine and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on epigenetic codes in the brain.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation in neural cells.
  • Examination of evidence for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in relation to behavioral traits and disease.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic codes are critical for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory in the nervous system.
  • Epigenetic marks can be transmitted across generations, influencing traits and disease susceptibility.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms in the brain have significant implications for cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic codes play a fundamental role in brain function, behavior, and disease.
  • Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic marks offers insights into non-genomic inheritance.
  • Understanding brain epigenetics holds potential for advancements in medicine and evolutionary biology.