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Towards a non-invasive interictal application of hypothermia for treating seizures: a feasibility and pilot study
A Bagić1, W H Theodore, E A Boudreau
1EEG Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. bagica@upmc.edu
Objectives:
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of head-neck cooling in conscious normal volunteers (10) and patients with medically refractory epilepsy (5) without causing shivering.
Patients And Methods:
We used a non-invasive head-neck cooling system (CoolSystems Inc., Lincoln, CA, USA). The tympanic temperature (TT) and intestinal temperature (IT) were measured as two measurements of 'core temperature' (CT), and multi-site external temperatures, several physiologic variables and EEG were monitored. Seizure counts over 4-week precooling, treatment and follow-up phases were compared.
Results:
All 15 participants completed all the cooling sessions without significant complaints. At the end of 60 min of cooling, scalp temperature fell on average by 12.2 degrees C (P < 0.001), TT by 1.67 degrees C (P < 0.001), and IT by 0.12 degrees C (P = NS). Average weekly seizure frequency decreased from 2.7 to 1.7 events per patient per week (MANOVA: P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Non-invasive head-neck cooling is safe and well-tolerated. Initial pilot data in patients suggest that additional therapeutic studies are warranted.
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